论文英文摘要怎么写

English Abstract and Keywords Breathe in life are no longer unusual for normal motion, and breathing or panting通俗地说more for the purpose are necessary and sufficient to itch and purifying the blood and put the blood into the lungs breath air action or procedures, as well as the subsequent breath. Similarly, the breathing in Singing is also a normal and usual action can no longer, but the singing of breath and breathing life is different from singing for a very important role. Singing breathing, there are divergent views can not see because of flavor or touched, we can only be understood from the feeling on. Singing in the respiratory conservation and efficient use must follow the principle that the respiratory control. To learn how to control breathing and respiratory control rather than singers. Breathing singing good or bad directly affects the whole. Breathing from the living, but with the life of the great difference between breathing, therefore, to breathe for singing are the cause must be part of their training at the same time, is also singing the foundation can continue. Key words: singing breathing; respiratory applications; control; art songs; arias。

Local the Party paper as major media of locality , transmit party and country , Party committee of a higher level , voice of government, transmit local Party Committee and government specially in the Central Party Committee of implementation , the Party committee of a higher level and government's great principles and policies concrete measure, there are guidance and authoritativeness that other medias can't compare , so often become the focus that local audiences pay close attention to. But enter after the socialist market economy, journalism structure of our country take place a obvious one, enough to influence local the Party paper change , news report of result. Journalism has already developed into much varieties taking the Party paper as the centre, multi-level three-dimensional structure from a structure of party's declaration form, the newspaper in evening paper , city newspaper , life newspaper , specialized newspaper ,etc. doubles and redoubles, the network, this kind of new combining a large amount of transmission information fast of media of short information of cell phone at the same time, the foreign media enters the native country and seizes the market of native country. This kind of change and growth make audiences choose the information channel of the news to increase, the degree of freedom increases day by day. So local the Party paper irreplaceable status , news of information issue receive the severe challenge. So how strengthen local key competitiveness of the Party paper new period, become we want problem that solve urgently. Focus on this question to describe from content , form of the news report , journalists , reader's marriage partner and these five respects of market mechanism of the news report, is it can prove our country now local state of development of the Party paper and predicament that run into and for strengthen key competitiveness should what kind of efforts does it make to expect. Keyword: Local the Party paper; Core; Competitiveness ; Market; Readability; Affinity。

And the financial report, usually with a specific reporting period as a time limit. However, the financial situation of enterprises dynamic, and often in the accounting information and the date of approval of the statements by the disclosure of accounting information and Japan. This will require the enterprises accounting for the preparation of reports and the date of collection of information between the date, there may affect the reporting period of the balance sheet "for the future", a detailed note. How to determine the balance sheet in the future is a matter of adjusting or non-adjusting events, the use of the balance sheet date of the key criteria. The thesis of the concept of the future, covering the period starting, focusing on issues of adjustment and the difference between non-adjusting. Specific issues discussed adjusted and non-adjusted for their respective definitions and characteristics, as well as their handling principles and specific accounting methods, and the corresponding list of the relevant examples. Finally from the old and new to the balance sheet date of the difference in criteria for the adjustment of the non-adjustment issues and matters specific analysis on the new guidelines adjusting and adjusting their non-defined and the scope of changes, and analyzed the new guidelines strengths and weaknesses, and the balance sheet for future issues guidelines provide users a certain amount of information and help.。

Agricultural product Electronic Commerce is that the turn out referring to in the agricultural product processes and matches the technology giving Electronic Commerce selling all-round process middle leading-in system , making use of an information network , carry out the information announcing and collect on the net, rely on the system producing the base and the logistics distribution at the same time, process accomplishing the product or the business such as buying , selling with the electron payment serving on the net. Here agricultural product includes broad sense agriculture product and their elementary treating product. Agricultural product Electronic Commerce has been one kind of brand-new business affairs activity pattern , its make full use of Internet nature easy to use , broad region nature and intercommunication, have realized network-rization rapidly reliable business affairs information exchange and business business. The new model camp the main body of a book is gathered having brought forward a kind of announcing the catalog and Internet and community member store joining in the network triple-in-one sells a pattern , structures one net called "agriculture special local product Electronic Commerce joining in the chain " commerce project , writes with commerce prospectus form , strives for this project having true feasibility。

The word euphemism Euphemism is Greek, comes from the Greek prefix eu=well and root pheme=speaking. Euphemism is rather a social linguistic phenomenon, be inferior to saying is a kind of cultural phenomenon. Language is the carrier of thought, is the epitome of social culture. As a language tool, euphemism is rich in cultural connotations, carrying the social structure, the national psychology, religious culture and other aspects of a nation. However, Chinese and English belong to two completely different style of the language, its background, culture, customs and other aspects of thinking, there exist various differences. Therefore, in both English and Chinese Euphemisms in also exist certain differences.

Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. There are two English language in a large number of euphemism, because of differences between Chinese and Western culture, so Chinese and English euphemism as a kind of cultural phenomenon also show some differences. In recent years, there are many angles and many domestic and foreign scholars from linguistics, culture, rhetoric of the related research on euphemism. Death euphemism as an organic component of euphemism, has received extensive attention. English and Chinese Euphemism of death in many aspects such as culture, history, there are similarities and differences points. In this paper, through the comparative study of English and Chinese Euphemism of death is certain, the language features of English and Chinese euphemism and death and the representation of culture have a better understanding of the. The contents of this paper are as follows: the first part mainly introduces the definition, function of euphemism; the second part focuses on the analysis of the similarities and differences between Chinese and western of death euphemism, and the deep-seated reasons of the similarities and differences; the third part has carried on the summary to the full text.

1.摘要的作用 摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分.论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文，有其特别的地方.它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上，用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括，留主干去枝叶，提取论文的主要信息.作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解，这些都应该在摘要中体现出来.好的摘要便于索引与查找，易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息.因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用.2.书写摘要的基本规范和原则 （1）论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文（一般为英文）摘要.摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的学校和机构有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超过300字，英文摘要不超过250个实词，中英文摘要应一致.毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅.（2）多向指导教师请教，并根据提供的意见及时修改，以期达到更高水平.（3）摘要是完整的短文，具有独立性，可以单独使用.即使不看论文全文的内容，仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论.（4）叙述完整，突出逻辑性，短文结构要合理.（5）要求文字简明扼要，不容赘言，提取重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据，不加评论和注释.采用直接表述的方法，删除不必要的文学修饰.摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容，做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量.（6）摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和化学结构式，以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，不列举例证.3.摘要的四要素 目的、方法、结果和结论称为摘要的四要素.（1）目的：指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件，不是主题的简单重复.（2）方法：简述课题的工作流程，研究了哪些主要内容，在这个过程中都做了哪些工作，包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等.（3）结果：陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值，包括通过调研、实验、观察取得的数据和结果，并剖析其不理想的局限部分.（4）结论：通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论，包括从中取得证实的正确观点，进行分析研究，比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义，理论与实际相结合的价值.4.撰写步骤 摘要作为一种特殊的陈述性短文，书写的步骤也与普通类型的文章有所不同.摘要的写作时间通常在论文的完成之后，但也可以采用提早写的方式，然后再边写论文边修改摘要.首先，从摘要的四要素出发，通读论文全文，仔细将文中的重要内容一一列出，特别是每段的主题句和论文结尾的归纳总结，保留梗概与精华部分，提取用于编写摘要的关键信息.然后，看这些信息能否完全、准确的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的问题，并要求语句精炼.若不足以回答这些问题，则重新阅读论文，摘录相应的内容进行补充.最后，将这些零散信息，组成符合语法规则和逻辑规则的完整句子，再进一步组成通畅的短文，通读此短文，反复修改，达到摘要的要求.5.关于英文摘要 （1）英文摘要的写作方法要依据公认的写作规范.（2）尽量使用简单句，避免句型单调，表达要求准确完整.（3）正确使用冠词.（4）使用标准英语书写，避免使用口语，应使用易于理解的常用词，不用生僻词汇.（5）作者所做工作用过去时，结论用现在时.（6）多使用主动语态.6.关键词 关键词是为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选出来用以表示全文主题内容信息目的单词术语.每篇报告、论文选取3~8个词作为关键词，以显著的字符另起一行，排在摘要的左方.如有可能，尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词.为了国际交流，应标注与中文对应的英文关键词.关键词是主题词中的一类.主题词是一种新型检索词汇，多用于计算机网络检索.关键词分为中文关键词和与之对应的英文关键词，分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下.为便于他人的检索，不能使用过于宽泛的词语.选择关键词既可以从论文的各级标题入手，也可以从论文本身的内容选取，将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出.。

Non steady state method for determination of thermal properties of materials has become the main means, transient plane heat source method has short test time, can obtain a plurality of thermal parameters and other prominent features. In this paper, transient plane heat source method for measuring thermal conductivity of insulation materials carries out the theoretical analysis and testing technology research.This paper derives the transient plane heat source method for ideal test model of thermal parameters, sensitivity analysis, according to the parameters of sensitivity to determine their estimates of the likelihood of, according to the theoretical model to calculate the physical parameters of the theoretical value, in order to test the improved Gauss method to estimate the parameters of the feasibility and accuracy of. Sensitivity analysis shows that by the heating surface temperature rise curve can be determined by the material heat storage coefficient, temperature rise curve within the specimen can be estimated at the same time heat conduction coefficient and thermal diffusion coefficient.Carry out 3D simulation, verified the system satisfies the one-dimensional heat transfer hypothesis, the test sample in the Z direction to meet the semi-infinite hypothesis, and the initial temperature non uniformity and environmental temperature were made by ANSYS numerical simulation, and the simulation results by the method of parameter estimation of thermal conductivity and the obtained theoretical model comparison, thereby to judge error.Developed insulation material Transient plane heat source method for thermal conductivity test technology standards, including the method principle, device, selection of heating power, sample size design and effective testing time.。